Risk factors refer to characteristics or variables that increase the likelihood of a particular outcome or event occurring. In the context of research, risk factors can include demographic factors (such as age, gender, and ethnicity), environmental factors (such as exposure to pollutants or toxins), behavioral factors (such as smoking or poor diet), genetic factors, and medical conditions. Researchers often study risk factors to better understand the causes of diseases, injuries, or other adverse outcomes, and to develop strategies for prevention or intervention. Identifying and addressing risk factors can help reduce the incidence or severity of health problems and improve overall well-being.